Taxes basics for newcomers

In the US you file a tax return once a year (the deadline is usually April 15) reporting your income to the IRS (federal) and to California (state). Many newcomers get a refund, so it’s worth doing.

SSN or ITIN

• If you can work, you use your SSN.
• If you’re not eligible for an SSN but still must file taxes, you apply for an ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number).

W-2 vs 1099

• W-2 — you’re an employee; taxes are withheld from each paycheck.
• 1099 — you’re an independent contractor; no taxes are withheld, so set money aside and you may owe at filing time.

Quick steps

1. Keep every W-2 / 1099 and income record you receive (employers send them in January–February).
2. Choose how to file: free software, a paid preparer, or free in-person help (VITA) if you qualify.
3. File federal and California returns before the deadline.
4. If you can’t pay in full, file anyway and arrange a payment plan — don’t skip filing.

Watch out for scams

The IRS will not call, text, or email demanding immediate payment or gift cards. If someone does, it’s a scam — see banking & credit for more.

Helpful links

• IRS — Individuals · Free tax prep (VITA) · ITIN